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Lexus LS 600h L (UVF46) Overview Manufacturer Also called Toyota Celsior (Japan; 1989–2006) Production May 1989 – present Assembly Japan: Body and chassis 4-door The Lexus LS (Japanese: レクサス・LS, Rekusasu LS) is a ( in Europe) serving as the model of, the luxury of. For the first four generations, all LS models featured engines and were predominantly, with Lexus also offering, and long- variants. The fifth generation changed to using a engine with no V8 option, and only one length was offered. As the first model developed by Lexus, the LS 400 debuted in January 1989 with the second generation debuting in November 1994. The LS 430 debuted in January 2000 and the LS 460/LS 460 L series in 2006. A domestic-market version of the LS 400 and LS 430, badged as Toyota Celsior (Japanese: トヨタ・セルシオ, Toyota Serushio), was sold in Japan until the Lexus marque was introduced there in 2006. In 2006 (for the 2007 model year) the fourth-generation LS 460 debuted the first production eight-speed and an system.

In 2007, V8 hybrid powertrains were introduced on the sedans. Development of the LS began in 1983 as the project, the for a secret flagship sedan. The resulting sedan followed an extended five-year design process at a cost of over US$1 billion, and premiered with a new V8 engine and numerous luxury features. The Lexus LS was intended from its inception for export markets, and the Lexus division was formed to market and service the vehicle internationally.

The original LS 400 debuted to strong sales, and was largely responsible for the successful launch of the Lexus marque. Since the start of production, each generation of the Lexus LS has been manufactured in the Japanese city of. The LS name stands for 'Luxury Sedan'. Some Lexus importers used the name, 'Luxury Saloon'. Contents.

First generation (XF10; 1989–1994) First generation (LS 400) Overview Also called Toyota Celsior (Japan) Production May 1989 – September 1994 1990–1994 Kunihiro Uchida (1986) Powertrain 4.0 L Power output 186 kW (250 hp) 4-speed Dimensions 2,814 mm (110.8 in) Length 4,996 mm (196.7 in) Width 1,821–1,829 mm (71.7–72.0 in) Height 1,405–1,415 mm (55.3–55.7 in) 1,705–1,750 kg (3,759–3,858 lb) 1989–1992 In August 1983, Toyota chairman initiated the F1 project ('Flagship' and 'No. 1' vehicle; alternatively called the 'Circle-F' project), as a clandestine effort aimed at producing a world-class luxury sedan for international markets. The F1 development effort did not have a specific budget or time constraints, and the resulting vehicle did not use existing Toyota or parts. Instead, chief engineer Ichiro Suzuki sought to develop an all-new design, aiming to surpass rival American and European flagship sedans in specific target areas, including, cabin, overall top speed,. During development, the 60 designers with 1,400 engineers in 24 teams, 2,300 technicians and over 200 support workers built approximately 450 flagship prototypes and 900 engine prototypes. The teams logged 2.7 million kilometres (1.7 million miles) of testing on locations ranging from winter Europe roadways, to deserts in, Australia, or Saudi Arabia, to U.S.

Highways and wilderness areas. An early Lexus LS design sketch In May 1985, designers started work on the F1 project. In late 1985, designers presented the first exterior study models to F1 management, featuring a -like design with a low-slung hood and narrow front profile. By 1986, the sedan used a design with an upright stance, more prominent, and a two-tone body. Extensive modeling and tests resulted in a low for a conventional production vehicle of the time ( 0.29). For the passenger cabin, the materials-selection tests evaluated 24 different kinds of wood and multiple types of leather for two years before settling on specific trim combinations.

By 1986, the Lexus marque was created to support the launch of the flagship sedan, and the vehicle became known as the Lexus LS. Following eight design reviews, subsequent revisions, concept approval in September 1986, and over US$1 billion in development expenses, the final design for the production Lexus LS 400 (chassis code UCF10) was frozen in May 1987 with design patents filed on 13 May 1987. In January 1989, the LS 400 made its debut as a 1990 model at the, in Detroit, Michigan. Sales began in September 1989, followed by limited exports to Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The LS 400's new 4.0-liter 32-valve V8 engine, capable of 190 kilowatts (250 hp) and 353 newton metres (260 ft⋅lbf) of torque, was linked to a new four-speed automatic transmission with ECT-i shifts, super-flow and rear differential.

The used an independent, high-mount upper arm setup with twin tube shock absorbers and a passive system was optional. The LS 400's 0–100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) time was 8.5 seconds, and its top speed was 250 km/h (155 mph). Compared to the rival target and, the LS 400 had a quieter cabin, with 58 at 100 km/h (62 mph); a higher top speed; a lower drag coefficient and; and it avoided the U.S. At its introduction in 1989, it won the award. First-generation LS 400 cabin (UCF10) The LS 400 was among the first luxury sedans to feature an automatic tilt-and-telescoping with, power adjustable shoulder, and an.

The five-passenger cabin included and leather trim, power-adjustable seats, and soft-touch controls. A back-lit gauge cluster featured a visual effect, with indicator lights projected onto the. The memory system stored the driver's seat, side mirror, steering wheel, and seat belt positions. Available luxury options included a premium sound system and an integrated with capabilities. The LS 400 further contained some 300 technological innovations to aid smooth operation and silence, including cabin fixtures, vibration-insulating rubber mounts, airflow, and sandwich steel body panels. 1990–1992 Lexus LS 400 (UCF10R; Australia) In Japan, the launch of Lexus was complicated by Toyota's existing four domestic dealership networks at the time of its introduction. The and were exclusive to locations.

During the LS 400's development, local dealers' requests for a version had grown, and a right-hand-drive Toyota Celsior-badged version was introduced shortly after the LS 400's U.S. Debut, and introduced 9 October 1989 and only available at Toyopet Store locations. The Celsior, named after the word for 'supreme', was largely identical to the LS. Models came in either basic 'A', upgraded suspension 'B', or fully equipped 'C' trim specifications. The Crown and the, which appeared later in 1991, were only available at Toyota Store locations which carried Japan-only Toyota luxury models, like the Century. The Celsior introduced two world firsts: high-performance twin-tube shock absorbers and an combined with an upgraded version of Toyota's semi-active dampers Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension, called.

This was ahead of its time, Mercedes-Benz first introduced a similar electronically controlled air suspension on the 1999 (Airmatic). Adding incentive for early U.S. Sales was a base price of US$35,000, which undercut competitors by thousands of dollars and brought accusations of from rival. In December 1989, shortly after the LS 400's launch, Lexus ordered a voluntary recall of the 8,000 vehicles sold so far, based upon two customer complaints over defective wiring and an overheated. All vehicles were serviced within 20 days, and the incident helped establish Lexus' reputation. By 1990, U.S.

Sales of the LS 400 had surpassed those of competing, and models. Production of the first-generation LS 400 totaled over 165,000 units. The LS 400 remained made Consumer Reports 2007 list of recommended vehicles that regularly last 320,000 km (200,000 mi) or more, with proper maintenance.

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1992–1994. 1992–1994 Lexus LS 400 (UCF11) Debuting in September 1992 as a 1993 model, the refreshed LS 400 (designed through 1991) was introduced with more than 50 changes, largely in response to customer and dealer requests. The vehicle received larger, wheels, and tires, and adjustments were made to the suspension and systems to improve handling. Stylistic changes included additional and a revised grille, along with a greater selection of colors. For the interior, a standard passenger front airbag (first Toyota-built series production car available with passenger front airbag), an external temperature gauge, digital, and -free refrigerant were added. In 1992, the Celsior introduced the world first, supplied.

By 1994, the LS 400's U.S. Base price exceeded US$50,000, a figure that had steadily risen since the vehicle's introduction. Customer demand for the vehicle and shifts in foreign contributed to the increase in price. The growing popularity of the LS internationally was an asset to Toyota, as Japan had entered into an economic recession in 1991, that later became what was called the collapse of the or 'bubble economy'. Production of the first-generation LS ended in September 1994 to make way for production of the second-generation model in October. UCF20 LS 400 Overview Also called Toyota Celsior (Japan) Production October 1994 – July 2000 1995–2000 Makoto Oshima (1991) Powertrain 4.0 L Power output 194 kW (260 hp) (1994–1997) 216 kW (290 hp) (1997–2000) 4-speed 5-speed Dimensions 2,850 mm (112.2 in) Length 4,996 mm (196.7 in) Width 1,829 mm (72.0 in) Height 1,420–1,435 mm (55.9–56.5 in) 1,659–1,764 kg (3,657–3,889 lb) 1994–1997 The second-generation Lexus LS 400 (UCF20) debuted in November 1994 (for the 1995 model year) with a longer wheelbase and similar specifications as the original model.

The public unveiling of the vehicle occurred in a gala ceremony held at the in California. The sedan was equipped with an updated 4.0-liter 1UZ-FE V8 engine, producing 194 kilowatts (260 hp) and 366 newton metres (270 ft⋅lbf) of torque.

Internally, over 90% of the redesigned LS 400's composition was new or redesigned, with increased, a strengthened body structure, suspension updates (first LS/Celsior with ), and improved brakes. The redesigned model was 95 kg (209 lb) lighter than its predecessor and achieved slightly better. The 0–100 kilometres per hour (62 mph) time improved to 7.5 seconds. 1994-1997 Lexus LS 400 (UCF20; United Kingdom) Development of the second-generation LS 400 began after worldwide launch of the first generation under program code 250T. Given the first-generation model's successful reception and high level of customer satisfaction with its design, replicating the original LS 400's attributes with its successor was one of chief engineer Kazuo Okamoto's primary goals (he stated that 'a tradition cannot be founded if you reject the first generation'). Externally, the most significant change was an increase in wheelbase length of 36 mm (1.4 in), resulting in more interior space and an additional 66 mm (2.6 in) of rear-seat legroom.

However, as the overall length remained the same, capacity was slightly reduced. The more aerodynamic body ( C d 0.28) retained the general profile and contours of the original LS 400 and was the work of the center in the U.S. Designers had evaluated 20 competing concepts, including several with a radically changed body, before selecting a winning entry in 1991 that included forms and contours similar to the original LS 400.

Upon final approval in 1992, an evolutionary redesign was the ultimate result, with new design features consisting of sharper angles, curved body lines, and a beveled grille. More prominent side lines provided a reference point for parking maneuvers, and forward visibility was improved. Production development lasted from 1991 until conclusion in the second quarter of 1994.

Second-generation LS 400 cabin (UCF20) The redesigned LS 400 interior received upgraded features, varying from dual-zone climate controls to rear cupholders. A newly patented seat cushion design, similar to the car's suspension, used lightweight internal and to improve comfort. One of the first in-dash was offered as an option. Safety enhancements included enlarged, at all positions, and a new collapsible steering column. In Japan, the Toyota Celsior equivalents were offered in the same 'A', 'B', and top-spec 'C' configurations as before, along with an additional selection of exterior colors. Several optional features, such as a compact disc-based (GPS) and reclining rear seats, were available only in Japan. Toyota Celsior (UCF20; Japan) At its U.S.

Debut, the redesigned LS 400 retained a pricing advantage over European competitors in its largest market, launching with a base price of US$51,000. However, cost differences had narrowed following more aggressive pricing and added feature content from rival manufacturers. To promote their new flagship, Lexus launched a US$50 million advertising campaign, the most expensive marketing effort since the launch of the division.

In mid-1995, sales slowed as the U.S. Government threatened on Japanese luxury cars over the widening U.S.-Japan, potentially raising the price of a fully optioned LS 400 to over US$100,000.

Subsequent negotiations averted the sanctions by the second quarter of that year, and sales recovered in the following months. Ultimately, second-generation LS 400 sales were lower than the original model; production totaled approximately 114,000 units. Production of the UCF20 ran from October 1994 to July 1997. For 1997, a limited 'Coach Edition' LS 400 was produced in partnership with American leather manufacturer The edition featured Coach leather seats; embroidered emblems on the exterior, floormats, and armrest; special colors and added trim; and a Coach cabin bag. Production was limited to a yearly run of 2,500 units. 1997–2000.

1997–2000 Lexus LS 400 Designed through early 1996, in September 1997 a revised LS 400 was introduced for the 1998 model year. Changes were a five-speed automatic transmission, increased engine output to 216 kW (290 hp), with variable valve timing , and an added 41 N⋅m (30 ft⋅lbf) of torque. Acceleration times and fuel economy were improved as a result. The suspension and steering also received minor tweaks to improve feel and handling.

Stylistically, the vehicle sported a new front fascia, side mirrors, and updated wheels; a rear window replaced the conventional power mast. The cabin received upgrades, including a, retractable rear headrests, reading lamps, and -tinted glass, while the climate control gained a filtration feature with a smog sensor. In August 1997, the first production on a Toyota vehicle was introduced on the Celsior version (Japan only) It controlled speed only through throttle control and downshifting, but did not apply the brakes. Because of laser technology limitations, it deactivated in bad weather. A -based GPS became an option in the U.S. Added safety features included front, and in 2000,.

Lexus Ls400 Custom

The headlights were also equipped with a programmable delay feature for proximity illumination. In February 2000, the limited 'Platinum Series' LS 400 was introduced at the in partnership with. The edition featured most luxury options as standard, along with separate exterior colors, wheels, badging, and two years' no-fee use of an American Express. Toyota Celsior The third-generation Lexus LS 430 (UCF30) debuted at the North American International Auto Show in January 2000 as a 2001 model, introducing a new body design with a host of new interior and technological features.

The interior design was inspired by the guest room of the luxury hotel (Imperial Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel, The Ritz-Carlton) and the seat was inspired by the first class seat of British Airways and Japan Airlines. It was the first US market Lexus with (called Dynamic Laser Cruise Control). It employed a sensor and (unlike the laser ACC introduced in 1997 on the Celsior) was able to activate brakes for deceleration. However, because of laser technology limitations, it would deactivate in bad weather.

The sedan was equipped with a new 4.3-liter engine generating 216 kW (290 hp) and 434 N⋅m (320 ft⋅lbf) of torque. The LS 430 was one of the first gasoline V8 vehicles to be certified as an Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle (ULEV). The standard suspension had been completely redesigned, with a double-wishbone setup at all four wheels; a tuned suspension was offered for the first time. A new torque-activated electronic control unit made adjustments based on vehicle speed, engine revolutions per minute, and pedal position. The LS 430 sported a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 6.7 seconds. Sales began in October 2000 in the U.S.

2000–2003 Lexus LS 430 (UCF30; Europe) Heading into the planning of the LS 430, division executives concluded that the previous LS redesign had been too restrained in its approach. The LS 430 development team, led by chief engineer Yasushi Tanaka, accordingly opted for a more thorough exterior, interior, and technological redevelopment. The development of the LS 430 took four years. Selected from 16 different concept designs, the resulting vehicle of December 1997—when the final design (by Akihiro Nagaya) was approved—saw the sedan's dimensions increase in terms of wheelbase and height. The exterior featured a larger grille with rounded edges, on the rear doors, and rounded headlamps. The body was also more aerodynamic than previous LS sedans ( C d 0.26; 0.25 with air suspension), and was the product of wind tunnel testing at facilities used for bullet train development.

A 76-millimetre (3.0 in) wheelbase stretch resulted in more interior volume and allowed the engine to be positioned further aft for better balance. Trunk space was increased by one-third due to repositioning of the. Compared to previous generations, the LS 430 featured a greater number of model configurations and options. While sharing the same body style, variants were differentiated by chassis configuration and onboard equipment. Models with the tuned sport suspension, sold as the 'Touring' package in the U.S., featured larger, high-speed brakes. These brakes were also standard on European market models.

Fully optioned models with air suspension, tuned for a combination of soft ride and responsive handling, were sold in the U.S. As the 'Ultra Luxury' edition. Third-generation LS 430 cabin (UCF30) The LS 430 interior featured walnut wood trim on the dashboard and upper doors, along with semi- and air conditioning vents. The GPS navigation system was totally redesigned. A with on the upper center console served as interface. First LS with navigation.

First system featuring DVD (instead of CD-ROM) maps on a luxury sedan. Introduced a premium sound system. In its highest trim specification, the LS 430 included telematics, power door and trunk closers, heated and cooled front seats, and power reclining massage rear seats equipped with audio controls, power sunshade, a,. Several rear seat features adopted for the LS 430 had been previously available in Japanese market luxury vehicles. Safety features added to the LS 430 included front and rear,. The vehicle also gained windshield and side glass.

The LS 430 first went on sale in the U.S. With an initial base price of US$55,000, ranging up to US$70,000 when fully equipped.

At the high end, the LS 430's pricing encroached on European rivals as Lexus became increasingly able to command higher price premiums for its vehicles. Sales for the LS 430 surpassed the previous generation, and production exceeded 140,000 units.

The LS 430 was produced until July 2006, marking the last occasion the Lexus flagship was produced in a single body style. In Japan, the equivalent Toyota Celsior was also sold from August 2000 until March 2006, when the long-awaited introduction of Lexus Japan saw the arrival of new generation Lexus models. XF30 design patents were filed by Toyota in domestic Japan, on 8 March 1999 at the Japan Patent Office under patent number 1080448. In every year of production, the LS 430 was the most reliable luxury sedan in the J.D. Power and Associates (with the early and late models of this series the best performing), and the highest recorded scorer in the history of J.D. Power's Vehicle Dependability Survey. Data via the UK listed the theft-prevention capabilities of the LS 430 as a maximum 5 stars, with the LS 430 being the first automobile to achieve the maximum theft-deterrence rating in 2001.

Facelift Lexus LS 430 (Spain) Designed through early 2002, the LS 430 update launched in September 2003 as a 2004 model. The first (instead of previous ) sensor on a Lexus sedan allowed the new Dynamic RADAR Cruise Control to work in any weather conditions. The radar technology also enabled the first on a Lexus sedan (with partial only on the Japanese market Toyota Celsior version). A 'low-speed tracking mode' was added in 2004. The low-speed tracking mode was a second mode that would warn the driver if the car ahead stopped and provide braking; it could stop the car but then deactivated.

Introduced a new six-speed automatic transmission and revised styling. The powerplant remained the same as before. Exterior changes included restyled front and rear fascias, (LED) taillights, and different wheels.

It debuted the first Lexus for the , and also the first, which swiveled the projector headlamps in the direction of vehicle turns. The interior received, lighted rear-seat vanity mirrors, and new trim selections, including wood. New options included an updated navigation system, and a.

A driver-programmable feature allowed the vehicle to detect the key fob in the owner's pocket and unlock the doors by touch. Fourth generation (XF40; 2006–2017) Fourth generation (LS 460, LS 600h) Overview Production August 2006 – 2017 2007–2017 Yo Hiruta (2003, hybrid: 2004) Body and chassis Powertrain 4.6 L 4.6 L 5.0 L (LS 600h) Power output 283 kW (380 hp) (RWD) 268 kW (360 hp) (AWD) 327 kW (439 hp) (LS 600h) 8-speed RWD automatic 8-speed AWD automatic L110F automatic (LS 600h) Dimensions 2,969 mm (116.9 in) (SWB) 3,091 mm (121.7 in) (LWB) Length 5,029–5,060 mm (198.0–199.2 in) 5,151–5,179 mm (202.8–203.9 in) Width 1,875 mm (73.8 in) Height 1,466–1,481 mm (57.7–58.3 in) 1,925–1,965 kg (4,244–4,332 lb). Main article: 2006–2009 Development on fourth generation LS began in 2001 under program code '250L', with the design process being done under Yo Hiruta from 2002 to late 2003, with the final production design being frozen in 2004. In October 2005, Lexus premiered a gasoline-electric hybrid, the (Lexus Future-Sedan hybrid), at the, publicly previewing the next Lexus flagship with a concept version for the first time. Introduced at the January 2006 North American International Auto Show for the 2007 model year, the fourth-generation Lexus LS became the first Lexus model to be produced in both standard and long-wheelbase versions. Using an all-new platform, the LS 460 (USF40) uses the standard 2,969 mm (116.9 in) wheelbase, while the LS 460 L (USF41) features a stretched 3,091 mm (121.7 in) wheelbase.

The fourth-generation models' technical specifications were shown in greater detail at the in February 2006. A hybrid version, LS 600h L (UVF46), was previewed at the New York International Auto Show in April 2006.

At its introduction in 2006, it won the award for the second time. Concept at the 2005 The LS 460 and LS 460 L are both equipped with a new 4.6-liter producing 283 kW (380 hp) and 498 N⋅m (367 ft⋅lbf) of torque, coupled to the first production eight-speed automatic transmission. Acceleration from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) is listed at 5.7 seconds. The development of the LS 460 and its variants, led by chief engineer Moritaka Yoshida, began as Lexus was shifting its design strategy towards a more diversified product lineup, with new-vehicle launches largely focused on global markets. Plans called for the next-generation LS to differentiate itself further beyond previous models in terms of design and technology. A 'Super LS' model, priced above the US$100,000 ultra-luxury category, was also considered. Externally, the Lexus LS received the styling cues of Lexus' new design direction, called.

First shown on the LF-Sh concept, the vehicle gained body forms running the length of the car, -shaped trim, a lower-set grille, and adaptive headlamps. Fourth-generation, 2006–2009 LS 460 cabin (USF40) The LS 460 interior gained a start, instrument display, and numerous luxury options, ranging from a hard disk drive-based GPS navigation system and song library to a heated steering wheel. Standard equipment included power 16-way driver and 12-way front passenger seats with lumbar adjustment and seat heaters, leather upholstery, premium sound system, power moonroof, and trunk pass-through. The climate control offered the first sensors in an automobile; it also featured ceiling. An 'Executive' seating package on the LS 460 L included a rear-seat DVD entertainment system, swivel tray table, and a ottoman seat. The long-wheelbase, 2006–2009 Lexus LS 460 L (USF41) It was the first LS with continuous controlled (AVS). The addition of an assist feature, the first of its kind in the U.S., allowed the LS 460 to steer itself into preselected parking spaces.

Other drive-assist features included a brake-hold system, cruise control, electric,. The new was improved to anticipate skids and alter steering assist and gear ratios. The suite of new safety features extended from an eye-tracking to a.

The pre-collision system added the first production chip in a car capable of identifying vehicles and pedestrians in real time, along with, stereo cameras, and infrared projectors. A rear pre-collision system with -preventing active seat headrests and dual-chamber front airbags was also introduced. The LS 460 and LS 460 L arrived at dealerships in Japan, the U.S., and Europe in late 2006, and the vehicle reached Australia, East Asia, and the Middle East in 2007. Base prices for the 2007 LS 460 and LS 460 L were US$61,000 and US$71,000, respectively. In 2006 and 2007, the average price paid for U.S. Market LS 460 L sedans exceeded US$80,000, due largely to added options packages, placing the Lexus LS in the same average price range as its long-wheelbase, BMW, and Jaguar rivals for the first time. 2007–2009 Lexus LS 600h L hybrid (UVF46) After debuting a hybrid powertrain with the 2005 LF-Sh concept, Lexus began sales of the LS 600h L (UVF46), the first production V8-powered full-hybrid vehicle, in May 2007 for the 2008 model year.

The long-wheelbase LS 600h L is equipped with, featuring a 5.0-liter V8 engine mated to a high-output electric motor with packs. This system uses a and generates an output of 327 kilowatts (439 hp). Fuel economy is slightly higher overall than the lower-powered non-hybrid LS, and the hybrids achieve a U.S. Features specific to the LS hybrids include the first production, a leather-trimmed dash, and blue-tinted hybrid badging. In April 2007, Lexus announced that the base price for the LS 600h L would be over US$104,000, surpassing the -equipped as the most expensive Japanese luxury car ever produced. A standard-wheelbase version destined for Asia and Europe, the LS 600h (UVF45), was launched in Japan in May 2007. The first 100 LS 600h L sedans sold in the U.S.

Were offered as 'Launch Edition' models via the Neiman Marcus catalog for InCircle members. 2009–2012 Lexus LS 460 Sport In 2008, all-wheel drive versions of the non-hybrid LS 460 (USF45) and LS 460 L (USF46) models premiered at the. Debuting at the 2008 Pebble Beach, the LS 600h L 'Pebble Beach Edition', limited to 50 units, was produced in partnership with the. A specialized Lexus LS 460 was installed as a at Toyota's Higashifuji Technical Center, in, for automotive safety testing, and in 2009 at Tokyo's (ITS-Safety) exhibition, the concept was unveiled showing road-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-vehicle information-exchange technologies. 2012–2017 Lexus LS 460 (USF45; Europe) 2009–2012 Debuting in late 2009 for the 2010 model year, the revised LS 460 and LS 460 L included restyled front and rear fascias, side mirror, and new wheel designs. New technology included lights and a self-repairing clear coat for the exterior paint. The standard cabin received additional chrome trim, an optional DVD entertainment system behind the center, and in certain markets, an all-digital instrument panel with capability.

The LS 460 Sport—a performance variant equipped with a sport-tuned air suspension, brakes, forged wheels, and a unique interior—was added. The Sport model received the transmission, also found in the, with rev-matching capability and manual mode. A new interior customization program, 'L-Select', also became available for LS customers in Japan.

2012–2017 Lexus released an official photograph of its restyled XF40 series in July 2012. The substantial update incorporates the new Lexus corporate fascia, comprising the 'spindle' grill and consequently sees the fitment of a redesigned hood, reshaped front fenders and headlamps, plus a new bumper. These styling revisions see the retention of the side profile and doors, including rear fenders. Thus, the newly designed tail-lamps, trunk lid, and rear bumper are only partially modified.

For the first time, an F-Sport variant is being offered. 'Nanoe' technology is used in the air conditioning system where 20–50 ions are bonded to water molecules. Lexus LS V8 engine exhibit at the The Lexus LS has been consistently produced on dedicated Lexus assembly lines at Toyota's flagship Tahara factory, located in the city of Tahara, in, southwest of, since 1989.

Tahara remains the sole production site, having inaugurated its new line number four specifically for assembly of the original LS 400. For the Lexus LS, the Tahara plant developed new molds and enhanced assembly techniques and instituted measures aimed at increasing the precision of the sedan's fit and finish.

The 1989 LS 400 became the first production automobile to receive extensive, allowing for seamless steel welds. A large was developed to reduce or eliminate panel gaps by stamping large sections whole instead of singly.

Separately installed parts, such as exterior lights, were also for a tighter fit. On the LS 400, engineers reduced door panel gaps in half versus Toyota-brand vehicles, from 7 to 4 mm (0.28 to 0.16 in), with measurements made within 0.01 mm (0.00039 in); on the LS 430, measurement margins were increased tenfold, to 0.001 mm (3.9 ×10 −5 in). When production switched to the LS 460, the number of laser welds was doubled. Despite Tahara's large-scale automation, Lexus LS production also involves specialized personnel who are tasked with key production points, such as testing each vehicle's V8 engine via and for calibration before installation. With the LS 460, a paint process was introduced. The production standards used on the Lexus LS were eventually adopted by the manufacturer for other vehicles; in 2007, the assembly of economy cars used the same panel gap measurements as the LS 400 did eighteen years earlier.

Industrial significance. LS 400 cutaway model displaying internal construction at the The Lexus LS marked the first successful entrant of a Japanese manufacturer into the prestige luxury arena, a market that had long been dominated by established European and American brands. By 1991, with the LS 400 its top-selling model, Lexus had overtaken Mercedes-Benz and BMW in overall U.S.

Sales, and in 2000, the marque passed as the luxury sales leader in the largest automotive market. Rival manufacturers responded with lower prices and added features. In particular, Mercedes-Benz reorganized its operations, shifting to a targeted-cost process similar to Lexus production methods, and dropped competing U.S. Base prices by nearly 10 percent. To rival the LS 400, extra features were rushed for the launch of the 1991 , causing and costing the job of 's chief engineer, Wolfgang Peter. Approximately 5 percent of 1989 LS 400 sales went to buyers employed by rival manufacturers, including,.

When the LS 400 was disassembled for engineering analysis, Cadillac engineers concluded that the vehicle could not be built using existing GM methods. Industry publications noted the LS 400's precise panel gaps, and the subject became a common evaluation standard in road tests. The LS 430's interior noise level was later used by rival makes as a measure of cabin quiet. According to industry observers, the introduction of the Lexus LS reshaped Toyota's image from that of an ' manufacturer to the builder of an automotive standard bearer.

This stood in contrast to the predictions of early detractors, including rival manufacturers who dismissed Toyota as incapable of producing a competitive luxury vehicle. Japanese contemporaries from the luxury divisions of and had differing degrees of success. Honda had entered into a joint venture with Britain's in November 1981, launching Project XX with an Austin Rover–Honda XX letter of intent to replace the with the and to provide a midsize, V6-powered luxury sedan for Honda, called the. Marketed as the in the U.S., the sedan initially sold well, but subsequent models (renamed ) performed below sales expectations. Launched by Nissan in December 1989, the V8-powered closely rivaled the LS 400 in specifications and price, but was unsuccessful in sales (attributed to unconventional styling and marketing), leading to its discontinuation in 2006.

The success of the Lexus LS became a test case for mainstream manufacturers targeting segments. By investing in a separate marque, Toyota was able to avoid the stigma attached to a mass-market brand's charging premium prices.

The effect of the LS 400 on the automotive industry led magazine to add the sedan to its '24 Most Important Vehicles of the 20th Century' list in 1996. Sales and production In its largest market, the U.S., the Lexus LS was the top-selling flagship luxury sedan for 15 of the first 17 years following its debut. In Japan, the next-largest market for the Lexus LS, the introduction of the 2007 LS 460 attracted 12,000 pre-orders, and the Lexus LS has gone on to sell successfully in its class. Following the introduction of the LS 460 and Lexus' expanded global launch in 2007, sales of the Lexus flagship have increasingly come from outside the brand's traditional U.S.

By 2007, the Lexus LS ranked second globally in flagship sales, next to the Mercedes-Benz S-Class' 85,500 units, with 71,760 Lexus LS sedans sold worldwide, and over half the total coming from outside the U.S. In 2008, U.S. Sales fell 42% amidst the, mirroring the overall decline of the luxury car market. The Lexus LS has not sold as well in Europe, where Lexus suffers from smaller brand recognition, image, and a less-developed dealership network. In European markets, the Lexus LS has ranked behind Jaguar, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, and BMW in flagship luxury car sales. Automotive analysts have suggested a possible rationale for the sales disparity, in that European buyers place less emphasis on vehicle reliability and have more to established domestic marques.

In contrast, the Lexus LS has ranked second in sales to the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (and ahead of rivals from BMW, Audi, and Jaguar) in markets outside Europe, such as South Africa. 2009–2012 Lexus LS 600h L (UVF46; Japan) Calendar year Sales Exports, production ‡ US Global 1990 42,806 41,901 1991 36,955 41,228 1992 32,561 32,472 1993 23,783 28,187 1994 22,443 21,390 1995 23,657 22,433 1996 22,237 22,810 1997 19,618 17,782 1998 20,790 22,730 1999 16,357 17,198 2000 15,871 11,098 2001 31,110 31,473 2002 26,261 27,033 2003 23,895 21,461 2004 32,272 31,697 2005 26,043 28,902 2006 19,546 34,833 30,908 ‡ 2007 35,226 71,760 72,279 ‡ 2008 20,255 31,823 ‡ 2009 11,334 18,369 ‡ 2010 12,275 2011 9,568 2012 8,345 17,578 ‡ 2013 10,727 2014 8,559 2015 7,165 2016 5,514 2017 4,094. Awards Notable examples of awards received by the Lexus LS include (2007), (1991), and Limousine of the Year.

The Lexus LS has been the highest-rated luxury car in Automobile Magazine, Consumer Reports, Fleet World,. Power's long-term Vehicle Dependability Study, the Lexus LS has been the most reliable car for fifteen consecutive years, the most for any manufacturer, and Consumer Reports has ranked the sedan as the most reliable vehicle tested. Safety awards include 's 2007 Innovation Prize for the LS 460 pre-collision system, consecutive first place rankings in the Security Supertest, and 'Best in Safety for Cars $40,000 and Over'. Technical honors range from, to 's 'Best Sound System in Cars Over $30,000'.

Consumer publications, Lexus' flagship model is recognized as one of the most reliable vehicles ever built, having held the top ranking in ' U.S. For fifteen consecutive years (1994–2009), again in 2012, third place in 2013, and top again in 2014.

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George Rice and Sons. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to. American red cross study guide 2013 pdf. at – additional links.