Contents. Introduction This lab will introduce the programming environment used in this course.

• Unix Lab Manual Anna University
• Unix Programming Lab Manual Pdf

Topics Covered in this Lab:. Brief Introduction to the C Language. Unix and the GNU C compiler. SSH and File Transfer. Creating, saving, compiling, and executing programs.

PDF On May 5, 2013, Sulieman Bani-Ahmad and others published Introduction to UNIX Operating System Ubuntu–based Lab manual. 1 UNIX LAB MANUAL Unix Background Information Purpose: Since many of the labs will require knowledge of Unix/Linux, we have included some useful background.

Basic C program structure. The course website and submitting programs Questions Answered in this Lab:. How is a program file opened or created?. What does a compiler do with a program?. What do the different pieces of a program do?.

How does a computer program communicate with a user? Demonstrable Skills Acquired in this Lab:. Ability to create a simple C program. Ability to compile and run a program. Familiarity with console output, specifically C's cout.

Familiarity with Unix, the Unix file system and directories. The C Language A Brief Introduction Development of C began in 1979 by Bjarne Stroustrup, then employed by AT&T Bell Labs. His goal was to combine the program organization of Simula, the speed of BCPL programs along with BCPL's ease of linkage and C's efficiency, flexibility and portability. Originally titled C with Classes, the name C, suggested by Rick Mascitti, was adopted in 1983. By 1988 the number of users and number of implementations of C indicated a need for standardization. To start the process, Stroustrup, with assistance from Margaret Ellis, wrote The Annotated C Reference Manual which was reviewed by approximately one hundred C language users from various organizations.

The organizational meeting of the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) C committee was held in December of 1989 with international attendees. In June 1991, the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) C committee convened with a majority of representatives being C programmers. The first ISO/IEC C standard was released in 1998. This standard is informally referred to as C98. While there have been minor revisions since 1998, the language itself was not changed until C11, the standard released in 2011. This information was gathered from various sources including those listed in the Recommended Reading section below.

Recommended Reading. Use of C C can be used for many diverse applications.

The following links provide specific companies and products written partially or entirely in C. Relevant Computer Systems History Many of the tools discussed here were originally part of the UNIX operating system, but are now available in other operating systems that provide a UNIX-like interface. For that reason, we will use the term 'Unix' (not all uppercase) to refer to any UNIX-like system. These tools have an interesting that you should read as time permits.

In addition, click to read about Komodo Edit. Mimir.io In a web browser, navigate to. This is the login page of the server through which you will access all of your homework assignments. If you already have an account, simply login, but if you have not yet done so, create an account. Use your Astate email address as the site uses this to associate you with Arkansas State University. Once logged in, you will have the option to join the class using the class access code that you received via your student email; be sure to select the correct section when joining the class. Once joined, you should see the open assignments.

Getting Started - hello.cpp Select the assignment that indicates the creation of hello.cpp. Click the IDE button to open the integrated development environment provided by Mimir. Once open, take a moment to review the environment. On the left is a pane containing a list of files and folders as well as buttons for the most common actions.

The center pane opens an untitled file ready for typing. The right pane contains a command line where you can compile and execute your programs. Typing the code for hello.cpp Modify the comments as needed, otherwise, type the following code exactly as it appears.

Code Illustration. Save your work.

C - Program Components In this section, each part of the program is examined in detail. The first section of the program, consisting of the lines starting with ' //', is a comment block. This is where the program name, author name, description of what the program is to do, and other related information are to be placed. See the course's documentation guidelines for more information.

Comment lines may be placed anywhere deemed useful in the program. When ' //' is encountered on a line, the compiler ignores everything on the rest of that line. Return 0; This line returns the value zero from this program to the program that initiated it, usually the operating system. The value returned can be used to indicate the completion status of the program. Values other than zero are typically used to indicate an error condition. Every program in this course will return zero.

1Actually, according to , the 'c' in cout means ' character'; either mnemonic will work fine though. Unix vs Windows Directory Structure The Microsoft term folder corresponds to a directory in Unix. The Unix file system begins at a location called the root. This directory has the path name ' /'. Everything on the computer system that can be accessed through the filesystem is available within sub-directories starting with root.

This is quite different from Windows, where the file system is based on disk drives. Windows paths begin with a drive letter, with sub-directories below it. In Unix, the drives are just parts of the whole system, and are listed below root (exactly where can vary from one system to another). Unix Process Commands In Unix, each running task is considered a process. To view a list of processes, type ps and press Enter. User.name@ComputerName $ ps PID TTY TIME CMD 887 pts/0 00:00:00 bash 909 pts/0 00:00:00 ps.

The exact list will depend on what tasks are currently running. In the above list, two process, bash and ps, are associated with the current user. Ps is the command used to generate the list while bash is the shell in which the command was executed. The bash process has an ID of 887 while the ps process has an ID of 909. If a process 'hangs', you can use the kill command to stop the process.

As an example, if the process with the ID of 892 needs to be stopped, type kill 892 user.name@ComputerName $ kill 892 Unix Directory and File Commands When you first logon to Unix, it will open up the shell in your 'home' directory. In most Unix systems, the 'home' directory is ' /home/yourusername'. The pwd command will display the location of the current diretory. Type pwd and press Enter to see what the full path of your home directory is.

User.name@ComputerName $ pwd /home/user.name/. The exact directory may differ depending on how Unix is set up.

The mkdir command will create a new directory (folder). Enter mkdir sp01 to ma ke a directory named sp01 corresponding to lab 01 for Structured Programming user.name@ComputerName $ mkdir sp01.

The ls command will display a listing of the files and directories of the current directory. Enter ls (that is a lowercase L followed by an s) to see a li sting of the current directory's files and folders.

User.name@ComputerName $ ls sp01 Enter ls sp01 to verify that no files are present in the new directory. The cd command will change to a different directory. Enter cd sp01 to change directories from the current directory to sp01.

User.name@ComputerName $ cd sp01 Note that after using cd, the command prompt now says you are in directory sp01 under the previous directory you were in (in this case, the home directory ). User.name@ComputerName /sp01 $  There is a shortcut name for your home directory.

You can change directories to your home directory simply by typing ' cd' at the command window. This is the same as ' cd ', or ' cd' followed by the full path to your home directory. You can change to the parent directory by typing cd. Compiling and Executing a C Program. The C Compilation Process - from Source Code to Executable Code The program code typed by the user is called source code and is stored in a text file called the source file. When compilation begins, the preprocessor reads the source code searching for the # symbol; the # symbol indicates a preprocessor directive. There are several preprocessor directives.

Research preprocessor directives or review for a tutorial. The preprocessor directive demonstrated in the hello.cpp program is the include directive. This directive gives a programmer access to previously written code. Directions sunday school study guide.

The filename specified, in this case iostream, is called a header file. Header files contain declarations of functions and possibly constants that can be used by a program once it has been included. The modified source code is then compiled. The compiler converts the modified source to object code, considered to be machine-language. Any deviation in syntax will confound the compiler; these errors are reported to the programmer and the entire compilation process is halted.

Once any syntax errors have been corrected and the object code created, the next step is to link all necessary object code files to create an executable file. This is the job of the linker.

Once created, the executable file may be executed as many times as required without the need to recompile. If a change is necessary, the compilation process must be revisited. Compile and Execute the hello.cpp Program Unix supports clang and gcc, free C compilers. It can convert the human-readable source code created in the previous section into machine-executable program code. Before submitting any program, you should first verify it will compile and execute correctly; thorough testing is important.

When you have finished editing the file, save it and then move to the command prompt pane. Compile and Link: Compile and link the program with g hello.cpp. If there are no errors, Unix will simply display another prompt.

(Most Unix programs are quiet rather than verbose.) If there are errors, seek assistance from a lab proctor. User.name@ComputerName /sp01 $ g hello.cpp.

If g does not print anything then everything is OK. Display a listing of the current directory's files. The list should include hello.cpp as well as a.out, which is the default name for an executable program. Execute: Enter./a.out (period followed by /a.out) or possibly just a.out to execute the program. (The single period is the path name for the current directory; if it is not present in the system path variable, you must explicitly include it to specify the program's location.) user.name@ComputerName /sp01 $./a.out Hello World!. Compile and Link - specify executable filename: Enter g -o speak hello.cpp to give the executable the name speak; execute it with./speak.

Using Switches with the g Compiler For grading purposes, all programs will be compiled using the command g -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -std=c17 What follows g are called switches.Wall -Wextra turns on all warning messages, including uncommon ones; you should treat warning messages as errors and attempt to correct the problem.pedantic increases the sensitivity of the compiler to errors/warnings specified by the C ANSI standard.std=c17 tells the compiler to use the C17 standard (the most recent standard available in g). Before submitting any program, it should be compiled with the set of switches mentioned above and tested (executed). Try compiling hello.cpp by using the following command: user.name@ComputerName /sp01 $ g -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -std=c17 hello.cpp. If g does not print anything then everything is okay. Execute the newly generated file by using the following command: user.name@ComputerName /sp01 $./a.out Submitting a Program Once you have successfully compiled and executed your program, submit it for grading. The airplane button in the left pane will start the submit process from the IDE.

Unix Lab Manual Anna University

In order to make a choice in the pop up windows that follow, type the first few letters of your choice, then you can use the arrow keys to select the correct option. Once selected, press Enter. When submitting programs, always submit the.cpp file. Create a New Program - spILoutput.cpp Return to the Mimir assignment page (or use the Dashboard link) and select the assignment to create spILoutput.cpp.

Follow the directions found within and submit the program when completed. If g does not print anything then everything is okay.

Execute the newly generated file by using the following command: user.name@ComputerName /sp01 $./a.out Once completed, submit the program. Upload the following files: hello.cpp, spILoutput.cpp Appendix: Some Useful Linux Commands The table below lists a handful of linux commands that you will probably find very useful for code development.

Unix Programming Lab Manual Pdf

You can also find this table at the wiki page. Command Action ls list directory contents; add -l for more information pwd print working directory: shows path to your current working location cd dir change directory to dir;. Means 'parent' mkdir newdir ma ke a new directory with name newdir rm file re moves file; add -r to delete a directory cp source dest co py file source to dest mv old new mo ve (or rename) file or directory old to new cat file prints contents of file to terminal more file same as cat but allows paging of long files vim file command-line editor: edits or creates file clear clears the screen More information about these commands can easily be found.